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Developmental Screening Observational Tools
Printer-Friendly Version (PDF: 37KB/3 pages)
| Observational Tools | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
Developmental Indicators for Assessment of Learning – 3 rd ed. (DIAL – 3)
1998 |
Early Screening Inventory- Revised (ESI-R) 1997 |
FirstSTEP 1993 |
1990 |
2005 | |
| Purpose | “This screen assesses infant and toddler developmental skills, and observes caregivers' involvement and interactions.” | “An individually administered developmental screening test designed to identify young children in need of further diagnostic assessment.” | “A brief developmental screening instrument that identifies children who may need special education services in order to perform successfully in school.” | “FirstSTEP is an individually administered screening test designed to identify young children who may have mild to severe school-related problems.” | “A brief, low-cost method of testing large numbers of children to identify those with possible handicaps or other problems that may interfere with development.” | “A brief screener used to identify students with early developmental problems who may be in need of early childhood special education services.” |
Developmental Areas or Methods |
Expressive Language skills, motor skills and receptive language skills |
Motor, Concepts, Language, , Self-Help Development, Social Development |
Visual Motor-Adaptive, Language and Cognition, Gross Motor areas Psychometric data provided in manual DOES NOT pertain to parent questionnaire |
Cognitive, Language, Motor, Composite, Social-Emotional, Adaptive Behavior, Parent-Teacher | Cognitive/Language, Motor, self-help/social, articulation, health, environment, and behavior | Fine motor, gross motor, language, cognition *Behavior/social-emotional sections found in MPSI-R are not approved; an approved social-emotional screening instrument must be used. Literacy screening is at the discretion of the screening provider. |
| Age span targeted by tool | Birth to 5 years | 3 years to 6 years, 11 months | Ages 3-6 years ESI-P tests ages 3-4.5 ESI-K tests ages 4.5-6 |
2 years, 9 months to 6 years, 2 months | 2 years, 0 months to 6 years, 11 months | 3 to 6 years |
| Cultural, ethnic, linguistic sensitivity | Available in Spanish. |
Test materials are available in Spanish and English. The test was normed on a nationally representative sample of 1,560 children, stratified by gender, race-ethnicity, geographical region, and parental education (a proxy for socioeconomic status). |
Test materials are available in Spanish Authors raised concern over the lack of separation of Hispanic students from their normed sample |
Standardization sample approximated children in appropriate age ranges from 1988 Census data | The standardization program was conducted from 1987-88. Norms were built on a representative sample of 1,149 children ages 2 years to 6-11 based on census data. |
Available in English, Spanish, Somali, and Hmong. Test was normed on 1294 English speakers (ENG) and 207 Non English speakers (ELL) from preschool children screened in the 2003-04 school year in MPS and participating metro screening programs |
| Reliability | Internal consistency: .94-.99 Test-retest: .98 Interrater: .98-.99 |
Interrater: .90 Test-retest: .86 |
Interrater: .97 - .99 Test-retest: .87 - .98 |
Test-retest: .93 Interrater: .94 |
Test-Retest: .78 - .93 (immediate) .55 - .91 (delayed) Interrater: .80 to .99 (motor only) |
Internal Consistency: MPSI-R-ELL: .91 est-retest and inter/intra-rater reliability unknown |
| Validity | Concurrent = .66 - .94 |
Multiple validity studies were done. For validity info with other screening instruments, see manual. Correlation between DAS and DIAL-3 : .79 |
Both ESI-P and ESI-K validated against General Cognitive Index: .73 |
Concurrent validity: .71 | Concurrent validity scores range from .48 to .84 Predictive validity varies widely due to multiple comparisons; however, average is around .70 |
Concurrent validity: MPSI-R-ELL: .67 with ESI-R With BDI: Predictive validity done with MPS Beginning of Kindergarten Assessment (BKA) |
Sensitivity/Specificity |
Specificity: 86% Sensitivity: 82% |
Sensitivity: 83% Specificity: 86% |
Sensitivity: 92% Specificity: 80% |
Sensitivity: 79 – 85% Specificity: 97 – 99% |
Sensitivity = 53 – 92% Specificity = 65 – 88% |
Sensitivity: 71-83% Specificity: 89-93% |
| Practicality (time to administer and score, ease of administration) | 15-20 minutes to administer Manual available |
20-30 minutes to administer Administered to three children at a time . An “administration team” of 5-8 adults is necessary for several “stations” of test activity. Administrator instructions, record forms, and screening materials are included. Materials can be photocopied for use on the test |
15-20 minutes to administer Manuals are comprehensive, training videos are available |
15-20 minutes to administer Kit includes manual |
15-30 minutes Comes with masters for replicating instructions Manual and video available |
Administration: 12-15 min |
| Minimum expertise for screeners and scorers | Specialized training not required for screeners or scorers; examiners must be familiar with the directions for screening and scoring | Team coordinator should be professionally trained in special ed, early childhood ed, psych, or a related area. Volunteers must be present to assist in maintaining the flow of the activities at the stations. Raw scores are recorded at each station, and then must be converted to the manual scale score. |
Screeners and scorers can be trained by utilizing the video and manuals. | Screeners and scorers are trained via manual |
Authors recommend “professional judgement” for scoring Screening team should be trained using manual, video, and/or guidance from screening coordinator |
Can be done by educational assistant/ ELL forms need a trained interpreter to work with administrator Training required: 3 hours to train a trainer and 1.5 hours to train administrators |
| Cost | $110 per manual, $38 per 30 data sheets, $60 for box of materials | $449.99 per complete kit including manual, $43.99 per 50 cutting cards and 50 record forms; $79.99 per training video; $199.99 per computer program | $115.95 per complete kit, $29.95 per pack of 30 score sheets, $23.95 per pack of 30 parent forms | $225 per complete kit, $40 per pack of 25 score sheets | $314 per starter kit, $34 for 25 test records | $65.00 for kit |
| Publisher | Curriculum Associates, Inc. |
American Guidance Service, Inc. |
Pearson Early Learning |
Harcourt Assessment |
American Guidance Service |
Minneapolis Public Schools Pam Fahy in grants and funding |
