Annual Summary: 2001 Minnesota Sexually Transmitted Disease Statistics
Sources and Limitations of Data
In Minnesota, laboratory-confirmed infections of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis,
and chancroid are monitored by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) through
a passive, combined physician and laboratory-based surveillance system. State
law (Minnesota Rule 4605.7040) requires both physicians and laboratories to
report all cases of these four bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
directly to the MDH. Other common sexually transmitted conditions caused by
viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus
(HPV), are not reported to the MDH. Factors that impact the completeness and
accuracy of the available data on STDs include: level of screening, accuracy
of diagnostic tests, and compliance with case reporting. Thus, any changes in
STD rates may be due to one of these factors, or due to actual changes in STD
occurrence.
Population counts by residence (i.e., state, counties, Minneapolis, and St.
Paul), by age, by gender, and by race and Hispanic origin were obtained from
the U.S. Census Bureau for 1990 and 2000. Population counts for other geographic
areas for 1990 and 2000 were calculated from these data. Population counts for
1991 through 1999 were estimated by interpolation between the 1990 and 2000
census data. For 2000 census data, population counts by race include the number
of persons by race alone, or in combination with one or more races. Thus, persons
who identified themselves by more than one race are "over counted."
Also, population counts used to calculate rates for a given year correspond
to the prior year; for example, 2001 rates are calculated using 2001 case data
and 2000 population counts.
Overview of Statistics and Highlights
Trends in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and primary/secondary syphilis rates (per 100,000
persons) by year of diagnosis for the years 1997 through 2001 are shown in Figure
1. The corresponding number of cases and rates for all reportable bacterial
STDs for the same years are presented in Table 1. In Table 2, chlamydia, gonorrhea,
and primary/secondary syphilis case numbers and rates by residence, age, gender,
and race/ethnicity for 2001 are provided. Finally, chlamydia and gonorrhea case
numbers and rates by county for 2001 are shown in Table 3.
In Minnesota, the chlamydia rate remained stable, the gonorrhea rate decreased
(by 16%), and the primary/secondary syphilis rate increased (by 133%) for 2001
compared to the rates for 2000. STD rates continue to be highest in the seven
county metropolitan area, particularly in the cities of Minneapolis and St.
Paul. Adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years have the highest rates of
chlamydia and gonorrhea, whereas the highest rates for primary/secondary syphilis
are among persons in older age groups. For gonorrhea and primary/secondary syphilis,
rates are comparable for men and women. Due to more frequent screening among
women, their rate of chlamydia infection is more than two times higher than
the rate among men. Rates of STDs remain elevated among communities of color.
Blacks, American Indians, Hispanics, and Asians typically have rates that are
much higher (two to 60 times higher) than rates for whites, depending on the
STD and the racial/ethnic group.
|
Table
1. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea,
Syphilis, and Chancroid — Minnesota, 1997 - 2001
|
||||||||||
| Disease |
1997
Cases |
1997
Rate |
1998
Cases |
1998
Rate |
1999
Cases |
1999
Rate |
2000
Cases |
2000
Rate |
2001
Cases |
2001
Rate |
| Chlamydia |
6,804
|
145
|
6,997
|
147
|
7,460
|
155
|
8,147
|
168
|
8,323
|
169
|
| Gonorrhea |
2,438
|
52
|
2,716
|
57
|
2,830
|
59
|
3,189
|
66
|
2,701
|
55
|
| All Stages of Syphilis |
118
|
2.5
|
78
|
1.6
|
72
|
1.5
|
81
|
1.7
|
134
|
2.7
|
|
16
|
0.3
|
9
|
0.2
|
10
|
0.2
|
16
|
0.3
|
33
|
0.7
|
|
20
|
0.4
|
8
|
0.2
|
9
|
0.2
|
18
|
0.4
|
16
|
0.3
|
|
82
|
1.7
|
61
|
1.3
|
52
|
1.1
|
45
|
0.9
|
80
|
1.6
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
0.1
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1.5
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
3
|
|
Chancroid |
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Table
2. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea,
and Primary/Secondary Syphilis by Residence, Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity
— Minnesota, 2001
|
||||||
|
Group
|
Chlamydia |
Chlamydia
Rate |
Gonorrhea
Cases |
Gonorrhea
Rate |
Primary/
Secondary Syphilis Cases |
Primary/
Secondary Syphilis Rate |
| Residence | ||||||
| Minneapolis |
2,628
|
687
|
1,303
|
341
|
23
|
6
|
| St. Paul |
1,530
|
533
|
565
|
197
|
5
|
1.7
|
| Suburban (1) |
2,058
|
104
|
533
|
27
|
5
|
0.3
|
| Greater Minnesota |
2,107
|
93
|
300
|
13
|
0
|
0
|
| Age | ||||||
| <10 yrs |
4
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 10-14 yrs |
124
|
33
|
40
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
| 15-19 yrs |
2,857
|
763
|
781
|
209
|
2
|
0.5
|
| 20-24 yrs |
3,104
|
963
|
834
|
259
|
4
|
1.2
|
| 25-29 yrs |
1,237
|
387
|
448
|
140
|
4
|
1.3
|
| 30-34 yrs |
536
|
152
|
253
|
72
|
4
|
1.1
|
| 35-44 yrs |
392
|
48
|
270
|
33
|
16
|
1.9
|
| 45+ yrs |
69
|
4
|
75
|
5
|
3
|
0.2
|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male |
2,313
|
95
|
1,240
|
51
|
17
|
0.7
|
| Female |
6,010
|
242
|
1,461
|
59
|
16
|
0.6
|
| Race(2)/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White |
3,329
|
75
|
658
|
15
|
7
|
0.2
|
| Black |
2,574
|
1,268
|
1,460
|
719
|
24
|
11.8
|
| American Indian |
347
|
428
|
70
|
86
|
1
|
1.2
|
| Asian |
403
|
240
|
54
|
32
|
0
|
0
|
| Other |
554
|
622
|
107
|
120
|
0
|
0
|
| Unknown (3) |
1,116
|
---
|
352
|
---
|
1
|
---
|
| Hispanic (4) |
756
|
527
|
113
|
79
|
0
|
0
|
| TOTAL |
8,323
|
169
|
2,701
|
55
|
33
|
0.7
|
(1) Suburban is defined as the seven county metropolitan area
(Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington Counties), excluding
cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul
(2) Race categories include persons by race alone, or in combination
with one or more races
(3) No comparable population data available to calculate rates
(4) Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race
|
Table
3. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea by
County — Minnesota, 2001
|
|||||||||
|
County
|
Chlamydia
Cases
|
Chlamydia
Rate
|
Gonorrhea
Cases
|
Gonorrhea
Rate
|
County |
Chlamydia
Cases
|
Chlamydia
Rate
|
Gonorrhea
Cases
|
Gonorrhea
Rate
|
| Aitkin |
6
|
39
|
1
|
7
|
Marshall |
7
|
69
|
0
|
0
|
| Anoka |
343
|
115
|
68
|
23
|
Martin |
5
|
23
|
0
|
0
|
| Becker |
46
|
153
|
12
|
40
|
Meeker |
8
|
35
|
1
|
4
|
| Beltrami |
80
|
202
|
5
|
13
|
Mille Lacs |
10
|
45
|
0
|
0
|
| Benton |
33
|
96
|
9
|
26
|
Morrison |
16
|
51
|
1
|
3
|
| Big Stone |
1
|
17
|
0
|
0
|
Mower |
71
|
184
|
11
|
29
|
| Blue Earth |
100
|
179
|
18
|
32
|
Murray |
8
|
87
|
0
|
0
|
| Brown |
13
|
48
|
3
|
11
|
Nicollet |
9
|
30
|
1
|
3
|
| Carlton |
31
|
98
|
5
|
16
|
Nobles |
24
|
115
|
1
|
5
|
| Carver |
23
|
33
|
12
|
17
|
Norman |
3
|
40
|
0
|
0
|
| Cass |
30
|
111
|
4
|
15
|
Olmsted |
172
|
138
|
20
|
16
|
| Chippewa |
12
|
92
|
1
|
8
|
Otter Tail |
21
|
37
|
3
|
5
|
| Chisago |
28
|
68
|
8
|
20
|
Pennington |
22
|
162
|
0
|
0
|
| Clay |
82
|
160
|
8
|
16
|
Pine |
11
|
42
|
3
|
11
|
| Clearwater |
8
|
95
|
0
|
0
|
Pipestone |
5
|
51
|
1
|
10
|
| Cook |
2
|
39
|
0
|
0
|
Polk |
32
|
102
|
2
|
6
|
| Cottonwood |
8
|
66
|
0
|
0
|
Pope |
5
|
45
|
0
|
0
|
| Crow Wing |
44
|
80
|
5
|
9
|
Ramsey |
1,723
|
337
|
615
|
120
|
| Dakota |
356
|
100
|
80
|
23
|
Red Lake |
2
|
47
|
0
|
0
|
| Dodge |
13
|
73
|
1
|
6
|
Redwood |
6
|
36
|
1
|
6
|
| Douglas |
25
|
76
|
1
|
3
|
Renville |
7
|
41
|
0
|
0
|
| Faribault |
6
|
37
|
0
|
0
|
Rice |
39
|
69
|
6
|
11
|
| Fillmore |
6
|
28
|
1
|
5
|
Rock |
7
|
72
|
2
|
21
|
| Freeborn |
29
|
89
|
1
|
3
|
Roseau |
6
|
37
|
1
|
6
|
| Goodhue |
31
|
70
|
6
|
14
|
St. Louis |
240
|
120
|
58
|
29
|
| Grant |
3
|
48
|
1
|
16
|
Scott |
67
|
75
|
10
|
11
|
| Hennepin |
3,523
|
316
|
1,573
|
141
|
Sherburne |
33
|
51
|
6
|
9
|
| Houston |
14
|
71
|
3
|
15
|
Sibley |
4
|
26
|
0
|
0
|
| Hubbard |
8
|
44
|
2
|
11
|
Stearns |
244
|
183
|
46
|
35
|
| Isanti |
19
|
61
|
1
|
3
|
Steele |
33
|
98
|
4
|
12
|
| Itasca |
58
|
132
|
3
|
7
|
Stevens |
2
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
| Jackson |
0
|
0
|
1
|
9
|
Swift |
7
|
59
|
1
|
8
|
| Kanabec |
5
|
33
|
1
|
7
|
Todd |
22
|
90
|
3
|
12
|
| Kandiyohi |
54
|
131
|
2
|
5
|
Traverse |
2
|
48
|
0
|
0
|
| Kittson |
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Wabasha |
13
|
60
|
1
|
5
|
| Koochiching |
6
|
42
|
0
|
0
|
Wadena |
5
|
37
|
0
|
0
|
| Lac Qui Parle |
3
|
37
|
1
|
12
|
Waseca |
6
|
31
|
0
|
0
|
| Lake |
10
|
90
|
1
|
9
|
Washington |
181
|
90
|
43
|
21
|
| Lake of the Woods |
1
|
22
|
0
|
0
|
Watonwan |
4
|
34
|
1
|
8
|
| LeSueur |
10
|
39
|
1
|
4
|
Wilkin |
3
|
42
|
0
|
0
|
| Lincoln |
2
|
31
|
0
|
0
|
Winona |
48
|
96
|
6
|
12
|
| Lyon |
31
|
122
|
1
|
4
|
Wright |
48
|
53
|
9
|
10
|
| McLeod |
11
|
32
|
3
|
9
|
Yellow Medicine |
5
|
45
|
0
|
0
|
| Mahnomen |
23
|
443
|
1
|
19
|
|||||
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