Annual Summary: 2005 Minnesota Sexually Transmitted Disease
Statistics
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Overall Summary
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Primary & Secondary Syphilis
Summary Points
Sources and Limitations of Data
Table 1. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons)
of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chancroid
Table 2a. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons)
of Chlamydia by Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Table 2b. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons)
of Gonorrhea by Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Table 2c. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons)
of Primary & Secondary (P&S) Syphilis by Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity
and Gender
Table 3. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons)
of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea by County of Residence
Overall Summary:
In 2005 the number of reported bacterial sexually transmitted diseases
reached their highest level ever with 15,875 cases reported. This
represents an overall increase of eight percent from the previous
year and is part of a continued trend observed over the past five
years. The rate increases varied by disease, with chlamydia rates
increasing by 5 percent and gonorrhea and primary/secondary syphilis
increasing by 18 and 159 percent, respectively.
The 2005 STD surveillance data are available both in a slide presentation
and a series of tables on the Minnesota
Department of Health web site. The number of cases and rates
(per 100,000 persons) for all reportable bacterial sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs) for the years 2001 through 2005 are presented in
Table 1 by year of diagnosis. Tables
2a-c display chlamydia, gonorrhea and primary/secondary syphilis
case numbers and rates by residence, age, gender, and race/ethnicity
for 2005. Chlamydia and gonorrhea case numbers and rates by county
for 2005 are shown in Table 3.
Chlamydia:
Over the past 10 years the chlamydia rate in Minnesota has doubled
and this increase has been observed across gender, geographical
areas, age and race groups. The increases seen over the past 10
years are likely due to a combination of factors including the use
of improved STD testing technology, improved screening practices
by clinicians, the addition of an active surveillance component
to Minnesota's STD surveillance system, and an actual increase of
the level of disease in the population. However, given the continued
increases over time, true increases in the level of disease are
most likely the driving factor. Chlamydia rates are highest among
women (355 per 100,000), Blacks (1,335 per 100,000), and persons
aged 20-24 years of age (1,496 per 100,000). Additionally, the chlamydia
rate is highest among Minneapolis residents (717 per 100,000), although
in the past year the greatest increases occurred among suburban
(9%) and Greater Minnesota (6%) residents. Persons aged 15-24 years
accounted for seventy percent (70%) of reported chlamydia cases.
Racial disparities continue to be an issue in STDs, with the chlamydia
rate among Blacks being 12 times that among Whites. Disparities
are also evident for other racial/ethnic groups with the rates for
American Indians, Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics being 5,
3, and 6 times higher than the rate among Whites, respectively.
Gonorrhea:
Over the past 5 years there has been a slight but steady increase
in Minnesota's gonorrhea rate. In 2005 the number of reported gonorrhea
cases was the highest it has been since 1990. As with chlamydia,
gonorrhea rates are highest among females (77 per 100,000), Blacks
(775 per 100,000), and persons aged 20-24 years of age (320 per
100,000). Also as with chlamydia, the gonorrhea rate is highest
among Minneapolis residents, however unlike chlamydia the greatest
increases in gonorrhea occurred among Minneapolis and St. Paul residents.
While the gonorrhea rate is higher among women than men, the difference
in the rates is much smaller than for chlamydia. This can be explained
by the fact that gonorrhea is more likely to be symptomatic than
chlamydia and therefore men are more likely to get tested. Disparities
between Whites and persons of color are also evident in the gonorrhea
rates with rates among Blacks, American Indians, Hispanics, and
Asian/Pacific Islanders being 35, 5, 4, and 1.5 times higher respectively
than the rate among Whites.
An additional concern with gonorrhea has been the emergence of
quinolone-resistant gonorrhea (QRNG) in Minnesota. The prevalence
for QRNG has increased five fold from 1.5% in 2002 to 6.8% in 2005.
Of particular concern is the high prevalence among gay/bisexual
males, which has increased from zero in 2002, to 30% in 2005. Additionally
twelve percent of cases among gay/bisexual males were also infected
with HIV. CDC no longer recommends the use of fluoroquinolones to
treat gonorrhea in gay/bisexual males or for persons that may have
acquired the infection in Hawaii, California and other areas with
high QNRG prevalence, see: CDC's
MMWR Weekly, April 30, 2004 / 53(16);335-338. Attention:
Non-MDH link
Primary & Secondary
Syphilis:
The number of cases of primary/secondary syphilis increased from
27 in 2004 to 70 in 2005. This represents the highest number of
primary/secondary cases since 2002 when the beginning of a syphilis
outbreak among gay/bisexual men was observed. Additionally, cases
of early latent syphilis also increased from 21 to 46. Overall the
number of cases of early syphilis (which includes primary, secondary,
and early latent stages) increased from 48 to 115 between 2004 and
2005. Gay/bisexual males continued to account for the majority (92%)
of cases among males. Additionally, thirty-eight percent of gay/bisexual
males diagnosed with early syphilis were co-infected with HIV. Similar
trends have been observed in other parts of the country. MDH continues
to collaborate with local physicians, clinics, and community-based
organizations to increase community awareness and syphilis testing
among MSM.
Summary Points:
- Between 2004-2005, cases of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and P&S
Syphilis increased to their highest levels ever
- STD rates continue to be highest in Minneapolis and St. Paul.
However Chlamydia rates increased most in the suburbs (9%) and
Greater MN (6%).
- STD rates are highest among persons of color
- Chlamydia (7 in 10) and gonorrhea (5 in 10) rates are highest
among adolescents and young adults; syphilis rates are highest
among adults
- The number of early syphilis cases more than doubled, with cases
increasing almost three fold among gay/bisexual men
- Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea has increased five
fold between 2002 and 2005, specifically among gay/bisexual men
Sources and Limitations of Data:
In Minnesota, laboratory-confirmed infections of chlamydia, gonorrhea,
syphilis, and chancroid are monitored by the MDH through a combined
physician and laboratory-based surveillance system. State law (Minnesota
Rule 4605.7040) requires both physicians and laboratories to
report all cases of these four bacterial STDs directly to the MDH.
Other common sexually transmitted conditions caused by viral pathogens,
such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV),
are not reported to the MDH. Factors that impact the completeness
and accuracy of the available data on STDs include: level of screening,
individual test-seeking behavior, accuracy of diagnostic tests,
and compliance with case reporting. Thus, any changes in STD rates
may be due to one of these factors or due to actual changes in STD
occurrence.
Population counts used to calculate rates by residence, by gender,
and by race/ethnicity were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Rates were calculated using each year’s case data and population
counts from the 2000 Census. The 2000 Census data on race include
the number of persons by race alone or in combination with one or
more races. Thus, persons who identified themselves by more than
one race are “over counted” in the denominators.
| Table
1. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Chlamydia,
Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chancroid
-- Minnesota, 2001 - 2005 |
| |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
| Disease |
Cases |
Rate |
Cases |
Rate |
Cases |
Rate |
Cases |
Rate |
Cases |
Rate |
| Chlamydia |
8,369 |
170 |
10,118 |
206 |
10,807 |
220 |
11,601 |
236 |
12,187 |
248 |
| Gonorrhea |
2,708 |
55 |
3,050 |
62 |
3,237 |
66 |
2,957 |
60 |
3,481 |
71 |
| All Stages of Syphilis |
135 |
2.7 |
149 |
3.0 |
198 |
4.0 |
145 |
2.9 |
207 |
4.2 |
| 
Primary/Secondary Syphilis
|
33 |
0.7 |
59 |
1.2 |
48 |
1.0 |
27 |
0.5 |
70 |
1.4 |
|
Early Latent Syphilis |
16 |
0.3 |
23 |
0.5 |
45 |
0.9 |
21 |
0.4 |
46 |
0.9 |
|
Late Latent Syphilis |
81 |
1.6 |
65 |
1.3 |
105 |
2.1 |
95 |
1.9 |
84 |
1.7 |
|
Other Syphilis |
3 |
0.1 |
1 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.00 |
1 |
0.02 |
5 |
0.1 |
|
Congenital Syphilis (1) |
2 |
3.0 |
1 |
1.5 |
0 |
0.0 |
1 |
1.4 |
2 |
2.8 |
| Chancroid |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
NOTE: Data exclude cases diagnosed
in federal or private correctional facilities.
(1) Congenital syphilis rate per 100,000 live
births |
Table
2a. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Chlamydia
by Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity and Gender - Minnesota 2005 |
Chlamydia
|
| |
Males |
Females |
|
| Group |
Cases |
% |
Cases |
% |
Cases |
% |
|
| Residence (II) |
| Minneapolis |
895 |
27% |
1,846 |
21% |
2,742 |
22% |
717 |
| St. Paul |
486 |
14% |
1,230 |
14% |
1,718 |
14% |
598 |
| Suburban (III) |
1,002 |
30% |
2,617 |
30% |
3,621 |
30% |
184 |
| Greater Minnesota |
817 |
24% |
2,776 |
31% |
3,597 |
30% |
158 |
| Age |
| < 15 yrs |
15 |
0% |
117 |
1% |
132 |
1% |
12 |
| 15-19 yrs |
582 |
17% |
3,118 |
35% |
3,703 |
30% |
989 |
| 20-24 yrs |
1,320 |
39% |
3,501 |
40% |
4,823 |
40% |
1496 |
| 25-29 yrs |
711 |
21% |
1,269 |
14% |
1,982 |
16% |
620 |
| 30-34 yrs |
344 |
10% |
477 |
5% |
822 |
7% |
233 |
| 35-39 yrs |
183 |
5% |
180 |
2% |
363 |
3% |
88 |
| 40-44 yrs |
116 |
3% |
81 |
1% |
197 |
2% |
48 |
| 45-49 yrs |
57 |
2% |
47 |
1% |
105 |
1% |
29 |
| 50-54 yrs |
18 |
1% |
16 |
0% |
34 |
0% |
11 |
| 55+ yrs |
18 |
1% |
8 |
0% |
26 |
0% |
3 |
| Race
(IV)/Ethnicity |
| White |
1,131 |
34% |
3,843 |
44% |
4,980 |
41% |
115 |
| Black |
1,222 |
36% |
1,891 |
21% |
3,115 |
26% |
1535 |
| American Indian |
58 |
2% |
357 |
4% |
415 |
3% |
512 |
| Asian/PI |
114 |
3% |
361 |
4% |
475 |
4% |
282 |
| Other |
63 |
2% |
184 |
2% |
248 |
2% |
x |
| Unknown (V) |
776 |
23% |
2,178 |
25% |
2,954 |
24% |
x |
| Hispanic (VI) |
273 |
8% |
621 |
7% |
895 |
7% |
624 |
| TOTAL |
3,364 |
100% |
8,814 |
100% |
12,187 |
100% |
248 |
NOTE: Data exclude cases diagnosed
in federal or private correctional facilities
(I) Total includes 9 cases of Chlamydia
diagnosed in Transgendered persons
(II) Residence missing for 509 cases
of Chlamydia
(III) Suburban is defined as the
seven-county metropolitan area (Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin,
Ramsey, Scott and Washington Counties, excluding the cities
of Minneapolis and St. Paul).
(IV) U.S. Census 2000 data necessary
to calculate race-specific rates (specifically a breakdown of
the state population by "Race alone or in Combination with one
or more races" by gender) is not available. When these data
become available this table will be updated.
(V) No comparable population data available
to calculate rates.
(VI) Persons of Hispanic origin may
be of any race. |
Table
2b. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Gonorrhea
by Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity and Gender - Minnesota 2005 |
Gonorrhea
|
| |
Males |
Females |
|
| Group |
Cases |
% |
Cases |
% |
Cases |
% |
|
| Residence (II) |
| Minneapolis |
713 |
45% |
560 |
29% |
1,274 |
37% |
333 |
| St. Paul |
281 |
18% |
401 |
21% |
684 |
20% |
238 |
| Suburban (III) |
355 |
23% |
542 |
28% |
898 |
26% |
46 |
| Greater Minnesota |
157 |
10% |
336 |
18% |
493 |
14% |
22 |
| Age |
| < 15 yrs |
8 |
1% |
28 |
1% |
36 |
1% |
3 |
| 15-19 yrs |
182 |
12% |
615 |
32% |
797 |
23% |
213 |
| 20-24 yrs |
415 |
26% |
616 |
32% |
1,033 |
30% |
320 |
| 25-29 yrs |
312 |
20% |
324 |
17% |
636 |
18% |
199 |
| 30-34 yrs |
196 |
12% |
149 |
8% |
346 |
10% |
98 |
| 35-39 yrs |
160 |
10% |
68 |
4% |
228 |
7% |
55 |
| 40-44 yrs |
146 |
9% |
58 |
3% |
204 |
6% |
50 |
| 45-49 yrs |
73 |
5% |
32 |
2% |
105 |
3% |
29 |
| 50-54 yrs |
37 |
2% |
8 |
0% |
45 |
1% |
15 |
| 55+ yrs |
42 |
3% |
8 |
0% |
51 |
1% |
5 |
| Race
(IV)/Ethnicity |
| White |
383 |
24% |
591 |
31% |
976 |
28% |
23 |
| Black |
857 |
55% |
715 |
38% |
1,574 |
45% |
775 |
| American Indian |
30 |
2% |
66 |
3% |
96 |
3% |
118 |
| Asian/PI |
16 |
1% |
37 |
2% |
53 |
2% |
31 |
| Other |
11 |
1% |
60 |
3% |
71 |
2% |
x |
| Unknown (V) |
274 |
17% |
437 |
23% |
711 |
20% |
x |
| Hispanic (VI) |
66 |
4% |
56 |
3% |
122 |
4% |
85 |
| TOTAL |
1,571 |
100% |
1,906 |
100% |
3,481 |
100% |
71 |
NOTE: Data exclude cases diagnosed
in federal or private correctional facilities
(I) Total includes 4 cases
of Gonorrhea diagnosed in Transgendered persons
(II) Residence missing
for 132 cases of Gonorrhea
(III) Suburban is defined as the seven-county
metropolitan area (Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey,
Scott and Washington Counties, excluding the cities of Minneapolis
and St. Paul).
(IV) U.S. Census 2000 data necessary to calculate
race-specific rates (specifically a breakdown of the state population
by "Race alone or in Combination with one or more races" by
gender) is not available. When these data become available this
table will be updated.
(V) No comparable population data available
to calculate rates.
(VI) Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race. |
Table
2c. Number of Cases and Rates (per 100,000 persons) of Primary
& Secondary (P&S) Syphilis by Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity
and Gender - Minnesota 2005 |
Primary & Secondary (P&S)
Syphilis
|
| |
Males |
Females |
|
| Group |
Cases |
% |
Cases |
% |
Cases |
% |
|
| Residence (II) |
| Minneapolis |
41 |
61% |
1 |
50% |
42 |
60% |
11.0 |
| St. Paul |
7 |
10% |
0 |
0% |
8 |
11% |
2.8 |
| Suburban (III) |
16 |
24% |
1 |
50% |
17 |
24% |
0.9 |
| Greater Minnesota |
3 |
4% |
0 |
0% |
3 |
4% |
0.1 |
| Age |
| < 15 yrs |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0 |
0% |
0.0 |
| 15-19 yrs |
0 |
0% |
1 |
50% |
1 |
1% |
0.3 |
| 20-24 yrs |
7 |
10% |
0 |
0% |
7 |
10% |
2.2 |
| 25-29 yrs |
9 |
13% |
0 |
0% |
9 |
13% |
2.8 |
| 30-34 yrs |
9 |
13% |
0 |
0% |
9 |
13% |
2.5 |
| 35-39 yrs |
15 |
22% |
0 |
0% |
15 |
21% |
3.6 |
| 40-44 yrs |
11 |
16% |
1 |
50% |
13 |
19% |
3.2 |
| 45-49 yrs |
7 |
10% |
0 |
0% |
7 |
10% |
1.9 |
| 50-54 yrs |
8 |
12% |
0 |
0% |
8 |
11% |
2.7 |
| 55+ yrs |
1 |
1% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
1% |
0.1 |
| Race
(IV)/Ethnicity |
| White |
54 |
81% |
0 |
0% |
55 |
79% |
1.3 |
| Black |
6 |
9% |
2 |
100% |
8 |
11% |
3.9 |
| American Indian |
1 |
1% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
1% |
1.2 |
| Asian/PI |
1 |
1% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
1% |
0.6 |
| Other |
4 |
6% |
0 |
0% |
4 |
6% |
x |
| Unknown (V) |
1 |
1% |
0 |
0% |
1 |
1% |
x |
| Hispanic (VI) |
5 |
7% |
0 |
0% |
5 |
7% |
3.5 |
| TOTAL |
67 |
100% |
2 |
100% |
70 |
100% |
1.4 |
NOTE: Data exclude cases diagnosed
in federal or private correctional facilities
(I) Total includes 1 case
of P&S Syphilis diagnosed in a Transgendered person
(II) Residence missing
for 0 cases of P&S Syphilis
(III) Suburban is defined as the seven-county
metropolitan area (Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey,
Scott and Washington Counties, excluding the cities of Minneapolis
and St. Paul).
(IV) U.S. Census 2000 data necessary to calculate
race-specific rates (specifically a breakdown of the state population
by "Race alone or in Combination with one or more races" by
gender) is not available. When these data become available this
table will be updated.
(V) No comparable population data available
to calculate rates.
(VI) Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race. |
Table
3. Number of Cases and Rates (1) (per
100,000 persons) of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea by County of Residence
-- Minnesota, 2005 |
| |
Chlamydia |
Gonorrhea |
|
Chlamydia |
Gonorrhea |
| County |
Cases |
Rate |
Cases |
Rate |
County |
Cases |
Rate |
Cases |
Rate |
| Aitkin |
6 |
39 |
0 |
- |
Marshall |
3 |
- |
0 |
- |
| Anoka |
530 |
178 |
122 |
41 |
Martin |
15 |
69 |
0 |
- |
| Becker |
39 |
130 |
4 |
- |
Meeker |
27 |
119 |
4 |
- |
| Beltrami |
180 |
454 |
22 |
55 |
Mille Lacs |
28 |
125 |
8 |
36 |
| Benton |
45 |
131 |
5 |
15 |
Morrison |
27 |
85 |
2 |
- |
| Big Stone |
0 |
- |
0 |
- |
Mower |
86 |
223 |
11 |
28 |
| Blue Earth |
224 |
400 |
45 |
80 |
Murray |
6 |
65 |
0 |
- |
| Brown |
18 |
67 |
1 |
- |
Nicollet |
27 |
91 |
3 |
- |
| Carlton |
41 |
129 |
7 |
22 |
Nobles |
33 |
158 |
0 |
- |
| Carver |
51 |
73 |
6 |
9 |
Norman |
2 |
- |
0 |
- |
| Cass |
50 |
184 |
0 |
- |
Olmsted |
289 |
233 |
43 |
35 |
| Chippewa |
15 |
115 |
1 |
- |
Otter Tail |
25 |
44 |
2 |
- |
| Chisago |
85 |
207 |
8 |
19 |
Pennington |
20 |
147 |
2 |
- |
| Clay |
69 |
135 |
8 |
16 |
Pine |
24 |
90 |
0 |
- |
| Clearwater |
10 |
119 |
0 |
- |
Pipestone |
7 |
71 |
0 |
- |
| Cook |
4 |
- |
2 |
- |
Polk |
32 |
102 |
1 |
- |
| Cottonwood |
20 |
164 |
0 |
- |
Pope |
3 |
- |
0 |
- |
| Crow Wing |
69 |
125 |
16 |
29 |
Ramsey |
2038 |
399 |
775 |
152 |
| Dakota |
688 |
193 |
142 |
40 |
Red Lake |
8 |
186 |
2 |
- |
| Dodge |
13 |
73 |
0 |
- |
Redwood |
19 |
113 |
3 |
- |
| Douglas |
17 |
52 |
0 |
- |
Renville |
18 |
105 |
4 |
- |
| Faribault |
24 |
148 |
2 |
- |
Rice |
84 |
148 |
15 |
26 |
| Fillmore |
16 |
76 |
3 |
- |
Rock |
2 |
- |
0 |
- |
| Freeborn |
46 |
141 |
4 |
- |
Roseau |
13 |
80 |
1 |
- |
| Goodhue |
80 |
181 |
8 |
18 |
St. Louis |
477 |
238 |
81 |
40 |
| Grant |
3 |
- |
0 |
- |
Scott |
180 |
201 |
16 |
18 |
| Hennepin |
4307 |
386 |
1728 |
155 |
Sherburne |
86 |
134 |
18 |
28 |
| Houston |
19 |
96 |
2 |
- |
Sibley |
7 |
46 |
0 |
- |
| Hubbard |
16 |
87 |
1 |
- |
Stearns |
380 |
285 |
66 |
50 |
| Isanti |
23 |
74 |
6 |
19 |
Steele |
52 |
154 |
5 |
15 |
| Itasca |
72 |
164 |
7 |
16 |
Stevens |
5 |
50 |
1 |
- |
| Jackson |
9 |
80 |
0 |
- |
Swift |
10 |
84 |
3 |
- |
| Kanabec |
9 |
60 |
3 |
- |
Todd |
11 |
45 |
0 |
- |
| Kandiyohi |
118 |
286 |
8 |
19 |
Traverse |
1 |
- |
0 |
- |
| Kittson |
1 |
- |
0 |
- |
Wabasha |
25 |
116 |
1 |
- |
| Koochiching |
16 |
111 |
2 |
- |
Wadena |
9 |
66 |
0 |
- |
| Lac qui Parle |
5 |
62 |
0 |
- |
Waseca |
21 |
108 |
2 |
- |
| Lake |
15 |
136 |
1 |
- |
Washington |
287 |
143 |
67 |
33 |
| Lake of the Woods |
5 |
111 |
0 |
- |
Watonwan |
19 |
160 |
4 |
- |
| Le Sueur |
22 |
87 |
0 |
- |
Wilkin |
4 |
- |
0 |
- |
| Lincoln |
3 |
- |
0 |
- |
Winona |
90 |
180 |
13 |
26 |
| Lyon |
49 |
193 |
6 |
24 |
Wright |
99 |
110 |
18 |
20 |
| McLeod |
30 |
86 |
4 |
- |
Yellow Medicine |
12 |
108 |
3 |
- |
| Mahnomen |
5 |
96 |
1 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
NOTE: Data
exclude cases diagnosed in federal or private correctional facilities
Rates not computed for counties with fewer than 5 cases. |
Data Archive: Previous STD Annual Reports
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|
