Minnesota Department of Health, Infectious Disease: 
Information for EIS Officers

• Secondary cases of Haemophilus influenzae type a — Minnesota, 2025
  NEJM Public Health Alerts. 2026. [Pre-submission].
• Enhanced Surveillance for Detection of Jail-Associated Invasive Group A Streptococcus Transmission—Minnesota, 2017–2023
  Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2026 [Pre-submission].
• Emergence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII Infections in Minnesota
  NEJM Public Health Alerts. 2026. [Pre-submission].

Presentations:

• Salmonella Braenderup Restaurant Outbreak Investigation — Minnesota 2024
  Presented at the 2025 EIS Annual Conference; April 22-25, 2025
• Changing Transmission Source in a Restaurant-Associated Salmonella Outbreak — Minnesota 2024
  Presented at the 2025 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Conference; June 7-12, 2025
• Enhanced Surveillance for Detection of Jail-Associated Invasive Group A Streptococcus Transmission—Minnesota, 2017–2023
  To be presented at the 2026 EIS Annual Conference; April 21-24, 2026
• Enhanced Surveillance for Detection of Jail-Associated Invasive Group A Streptococcus Transmission—Minnesota, 2017–2023
  To be presented at the 2026 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Conference; May 31-June 4, 2026.

• CDC MMWR: Ocular Monkeypox — United States, July–September 2022
  2022 Oct 21;71(42)
• CDC MMWR: Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years with Monkeypox - United States, May 17-September 24, 2022
  2022;71(44):1407-1411
• CDC MMWR: Severe Monkeypox in Hospitalized Patients — United States, August 10–October 10, 2022
  2022 Oct 26;71(44);1412–1417
• CDC MMWR: Orthopoxvirus Testing Challenges for Persons in Populations at Low Risk or Without Known Epidemiologic Link to Monkeypox — United States, 2022
  2022 Sep 9;71(36);1155–1158
• PubMed, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Pharyngeal Co-Infections with Monkeypox Virus and Group A Streptococcus, United States, 2022
  2023 Sep;29(9):1855-1858
• PubMed, Journal of Infectious Diseases: Prolonged mpox disease in people with advanced HIV: characterization of mpox skin lesions
  2024 Mar 26;229(Supplement_2):S243-S248
• CDC MMWR: Interim Clinical Treatment Considerations for Severe Manifestations of Mpox — United States, February 2023
  2023 Mar 3;72(9);232–243
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Neuroinvasive Francisella tularensis Infection: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
  2024 Jan 31;78(Suppl 1):S55-S63
• PubMed, Journal of Infectious Diseases: Pathology and monkeypox virus localization in tissues from immunocompromised patients with severe or fatal mpox
  2024 Mar 26;229(Supplement_2):S219-S228

Presentations:

• Human trichinellosis linked to bear meat from northern Canada – Arizona, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 2022
  Presented at the 2023 EIS Annual Conference; April 24-27, 2023. Atlanta, GA. Mackel Award Finalist
• Human trichinellosis linked to bear meat from northern Canada – Arizona, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 2022
  Presented at the 2023 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists annual conference; June 25-29, 2023. Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Outbreak of Human Trichinellosis Linked to Bear Meat Infected with Multiple Trichinella Species — Arizona, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 2022
  Presented at IDWeek 2023. Oct 11-15, 2023; Boston, Massachusetts.

• PubMed, Public Health Reports: Surveillance for Unexplained Deaths of Possible Infectious Etiologies During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Minnesota, 2020-2021
  2024 Jan 11:333549231218283
• PubMed, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Patient Characteristics During Early Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Palau, January 13–February 24, 2022
  2023 Sep;29(9):1939-1941
• Oxford Academic, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Aging and Rabies Prophylaxis, Reply to Willoughby
  2023 Sep 18;77(6):931-932
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Fatal Human Rabies Infection With Suspected Host-Mediated Failure of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Following a Recognized Zoonotic Exposure-Minnesota, 2021
  2023 Oct 13;77(8):1201-1208
• PubMed, PLOS Global Public Health: Travel history among persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the United States, December 2020—February 2021
  2023 Mar 29;3(3):e0001252
• Frontiers in Neurology: Rapid onset of functional tic-like behaviors among adolescent girls—Minnesota, September–November 2021
  2023 Jan 19:13:1063261
• PubMed, Infection Control & Hosp Epidemiology: Use of serial testing to interrupt a severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak on a hospital medical floor—Minnesota, October–December 2020
  2023 Mar;44(3):427-432
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant— United States, 2021
  2022 Aug 24;75(1):e122-e132
• PubMed, JAMA: Comparison of Home Antigen Testing With RT-PCR and Viral Culture During the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
  2022 Jul 1;182(7):701-709
• PubMed, NEJM: Multistate Outbreak of Melioidosis Associated with Imported Aromatherapy Spray
  2022 Mar 3;386(9):861-868
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: COVID-19 Outbreak Associated With a Fitness Center-Minnesota, September-November 2020
  2022 Apr 9;74(7):1265-1267
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Widespread Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission Among Attendees at a Large Motorcycle Rally and their Contacts, 30 US Jurisdictions, August–September, 2020
  2021 Jul 15;73(Suppl 1):S106-S109
• CDC MMWR: First Identified Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Variant P.1 in the United States — Minnesota, January 2021
  2021 Mar 12;70(10);346–347
• CDC MMWR: First Identified Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7 in Minnesota — December 2020–January 2021
  2021 Feb 26;70(8);278–279
• CDC MMWR: COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a 10-Day Motorcycle Rally in a Neighboring State — Minnesota, August–September 2020
  2020 Nov 27;69(47);1771-1776

Presentations:

• Surveillance for Unexplained Deaths of Possible Infectious Etiologies during the COVID-19 Pandemic – Minnesota 2020-2021
  Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Annual Conference; June 2023; Salt Lake City, UT.
• Animal agriculture exposures among Minnesota residents with Cryptosporidium parvum infection – 2012-2019
  Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Annual Conference; June 2023; Salt Lake City, UT.
• Surveillance for unexplained deaths of possible infectious etiologies during the COVID-19 pandemic — Minnesota, 2020-2021
  Poster presented at Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network (TEPHINET) Global Scientific Conference; September 2022; Panama City, Panama.
• Rabies infection with suspected host-mediated failure of post-exposure prophylaxis following a recognized bat exposure — Minnesota, 2021
  Poster presented at International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases; August 2022; Atlanta, GA.
• Rapid Onset of Functional Tic-like Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls — Minnesota, September–November 2021
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference; June 19-23, 2022; Louisville, KY.
• Rapid Onset of Functional Tic-like Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls — Minnesota, September–November 2021
  Presented at EIS Annual Conference; May 1-5, 2022; Atlanta, GA.
• Imported aromatherapy spray associated multi-state outbreak of melioidosis — Georgia, Kansas, Minnesota, Texas 2021
  Presented at EIS Annual Conference; May 1-5, 2022; Atlanta, GA.
• COVID-19 outbreak associated with a 10-day motorcycle rally in a neighboring state — Minnesota, August-September 2020
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference; June 13-16, 2022; Virtual.
• COVID-19 outbreak in a healthcare facility associated with a wedding — Minnesota, September–October 2020
  at CSTE Annual Conference; June 13-16, 2022; Virtual.
• COVID-19 outbreak associated with a fitness center — Minnesota, September–November 2020
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference; June 13-16, 2022; Virtual.
   

• CDC MMWR: Notes from the Field: Acute Intoxications from Consumption of Amanita muscaria Mushrooms — Minnesota, 2018
  2019 May 31;68(21);483–484
• CDC MMWR: Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Products Used by Patients with Associated Lung Injury and Products Seized by Law Enforcement — Minnesota, 2018 and 2019
  2019 Nov 27; 68(47);1096-1100
• PubMed, Minnesota Medicine: Characteristics of clinical extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates in Minnesota, 2013-2017
  2020 Jun;103(3):39-43
• CDC MMWR: Serial Testing for SARS-CoV-2 and Virus Whole Genome Sequencing Inform Infection Risk at Two Skilled Nursing Facilities with COVID-19 Outbreaks — Minnesota, April–June 2020
  2020 Sep. 18;69(37);1288–1295
• CDC MMWR: SARS-CoV-2 Exposure and Infection Among Health Care Personnel — Minnesota, March 6–July 11, 2020
  2020 Oct 30;69(43);1605–1610
• PubMed, Minnesota Medicine: Vaping, lung injury, and mental health Minnesota 2018-2019
  2021 Jan 5;104(3):41-43
• PubMed, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Transmission Dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in High-Density Settings, Minnesota, USA, March–June 2020
  2021 Aug;27(8):2052-2063
• PubMed, J Am Geriatr Soc: Temperature and oxygen saturation in skilled nursing facility residents positive forSARS-CoV-2 prior to symptom onset
  2022;70(2):363-9
• PubMed, Public Health Report: Lessons Learned From the E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Outbreak Response, Minnesota, 2019-2020
  2022 Nov-Dec;137(6):1053-1060
• PubMed, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Patterns of Exposure and Presumed Household Transmission Among Persons Diagnosed with COVID-19 in the First Stages of the Pandemic—United States, January – April, 2020
  2021;Sep;27(9):2323
• CDC MMWR: Symptom Profiles of a Convenience Sample of Patients with COVID-19 — United States, January–April 2020
  2020 Jul 17;69(28);904–908
• CDC MMWR: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults — Seattle, Washington, 2020
  2020 Apr 10;69(14);416–418
• PubMed, NEJM: Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility
  2020 May 28;382(22):2081-2090
• CDC MMWR: Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility — King County, Washington, March 2020
  2020 Apr 3;69(13);377–381
• CDC MMWR: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults — Seattle, Washington, 2020
  2020;69(14):416.

Presentations:

• Extrapulmonary nontuberculous MycobacteriaI infections — Minnesota, 2013–2017
  Presented at 68th Annual EIS Conference, April 29-May 2, 2019; Atlanta, GA.
• Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotic exposure — Minnesota, 2009–2016
  Presented at 68th Annual EIS Conference, April 29-May 2, 2019; Atlanta, GA.
• Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotic exposure — Minnesota, 2009–2016
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference, June 2-6, 2019; Raleigh, NC.
• Extrapulmonary nontuberculous Mycobacteria infections — Minnesota, 2013–2017
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference, June 2-6, 2019; Raleigh, NC.
• Tail of a rabid puppy: Lessons learned
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference, June 2-6, 2019; Raleigh, NC.
• Extrapulmonary nontuberculous MycobacteriaI infections — Minnesota, 2013–2017
  Presented at Society for Epidemiologic Research, June 18-21, 2019; Minneapolis, MN.
• Community-associated Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotic exposure — Minnesota, 2009–2016
  Presented at Society for Epidemiologic Research, June 18-21, 2019; Minneapolis, MN.
• Comparison of whole-genome sequencing analysis methods to determine optimal difference thresholds for Salmonella cluster detection and investigation — Minnesota, 2017–2018
  69th Annual EIS Conference, May 4-7, 2020; Atlanta, GA. Accepted – Conference cancelled due to COVID-19.
• Characteristics of e-cigarette, or vaping, products used by patients with associated lung injury, and seized by law enforcement—Minnesota, 2018–2019
  69th Annual EIS Conference, May 4-7, 2020; Atlanta, GA. Accepted – Conference cancelled due to COVID-19. 
  Mackel Award Finalist
• Clinical factors associated with severity of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) – Minnesota, 2019
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference, June 13-16, 2021.
• Prevalence of mental health disorders among E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury cases in Minnesota and in two large, population-based samples
  Presented at CSTE Annual Conference, June 13-16, 2021.

Mackel Award:

• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Live Animal Markets in Minnesota: A Potential Source for Emergence of Novel Influenza A Viruses and Interspecies Transmission
  Choi, et. al 
  2015 Nov 1;61(9):1355-62

Langmuir Award:

• PubMed, PLoS One: Epidemiologic Investigation of Immune-Mediated Polyradiculoneuropathy among Abattoir Workers Exposed to Porcine Brain
  Holzbauer, et. al
  2010 Mar 19;5(3):e9782
  Also 2011 Charles C. Shephard Science Award Recipient

• PubMed, Foodborne Pathog Dis: Cronobacter Surveillance in Minnesota, United States, 2002–2024
  2026 Apr;23(4):232-238
• CDC MMWR: Rabies Cluster Among Steers on a Dairy Farm — Minnesota, 2024
  2025 December 11; 74(40);622–625
• PubMed, Emerg Infect Dis: Genomic Investigation of Disseminated Gonococcal Infections, Minnesota, USA, 2024
  2025 Oct;31(10):2003-2007
• PubMed, J Agromedicine: Human Health Surveillance During Animal Disease Emergencies: Minnesota Department of Health Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks, 2015 and 2022–2023
  2025 Jul;30(3):591-602
• CDC MMWR: Increase in Human and Animal Tularemia Cases - Minnesota, 2024
  2025 April 17; 74(13);227–229
• PubMed, Applied and Enviromental Microbiology: Ruminant-dense environments increase risk of reported Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections independently of ruminant contact
  2025 Feb 19;91(2):e0186424
• CDC, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Development and Evaluation of Surveillance System for Identifying Jail-Associated COVID-19 Cases in Minnesota, USA, 2022
  2024 Apr;30(13):S28-S35
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Fatal Human Rabies Infection With Suspected Host- Mediated Failure of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Following a Recognized Zoonotic Exposure—Minnesota, 2021
  2023 Oct 13;77(8):1201-1208
• CDC MMWR: Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study — United States, August 19, 2022–March 31, 2023
  2023 May 19; 72(20);553–558
• CDC MMWR: Increase in Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infections — Colorado and Minnesota, October–December 2022
  2023 Mar 10;72(10);265–267
• Science Direct, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases: Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding tick-borne disease prevention in Lyme disease-endemic areas of the Upper Midwest, United States
  2022 May; Volume 13, Issue 3, 101925
• PubMed, Public Health Rep.: Biosurveillance of Drug Overdoses and Substance Misuse Treated in Selected Emergency Departments in Minnesota, 2017-2020
  2021 Nov-Dec;136(1_suppl):87S-95S
• PubMed, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Characteristics and Risk Factors of Post-Infection Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Campylobacter Enteritis
  2021 Sep;19(9):1855-1863.e1
• NIH, Open Forum Infect Dis: Evidence of False Positivity for Vibrio Species Tested by Gastrointestinal Multiplex PCR Panels, Minnesota, 2016–2018
  2021 Jun; 8(6): ofab247
• PubMed, Epidemiology and Infection: Epidemiology of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in Minnesota, 2016–2017
  2020 Sep; 1:148:e206
• PubMed, Journal of Infectious Diseases: Summer Outbreak of Severe RSV-B Disease, Minnesota, 2017 Associated with Emergence of a Genetically Distinct Viral Lineage
  2020 Jun 29;222(2):288-297
• PubMed, Epidemiology and Infection: Prospective Salmonella Enteritidis surveillance and outbreak detection using whole genome sequencing, Minnesota 2015-2017
  2020 Jun 16:148:e254
• PubMed, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin in Clinical Shigella Isolates Associated with HIV and Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases, Minnesota, USA, 2012–2015
  2020 Apr;26(4):667-674
• PubMed, Epidemiology and Infection: Animal agriculture exposures among Minnesota residents with zoonotic enteric infections, 2012-2016
  2020 Mar 16:148:e55
• CDC MMWR: Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Products Used by Patients with Associated Lung Injury and Products Seized by Law Enforcement — Minnesota, 2018 and 2019
  2019 Nov. 27;68(47)
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: High Relative Frequency of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Among Patients With Reportable Enteric Pathogens, Minnesota, 2016–2017
  2019 Jul 18;69(3):473-479
• PubMed, Clinical Infectious Diseases: Detection of Influenza C Viruses Among Outpatients and Patients Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, Minnesota, 2013–2016
  2018 Mar 19;66(7):1092-1098